Way guard for machine tools



Jan. 11 -1927. Re. 16,534

I E. P. BURRELL El AL 7 WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE TOOLS 5 Sheets-Sheet 1originiil Filed March 26, 1024,

Jan. 11 1927. Re. 16,534 I E. P. BURRELL ET AL WAY GUARD FOR MACHINETOOLS Original Filled March 26. 1 2 5 sheets sheet 2 Re. 16,534 E. P.BURRELL ET AL WAY GUARD non MACHINE TOOLS ori inal Filed March 26, 1924I Jan. 11 1927.

5 Sheets-Sheet s Jam.11,1927.'

' Re, 16,534 E. P. BURRELL Er AL WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE TOOLS OriginalFiled March 26, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 27. Re. 16,534 11 19 E. P. BURRELLET AL WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE TOOLS Original Filed March 26, 1924 5Sheets-Sheet 5 am m; u 1921. v

This invention relates to way guards for machine tools, and hasparticular reference to machine tools having two or more sliding memberswith at least one common way for n such members. i V

It is a well-known fact that in many kinds of machine tools, such aslathes, grinding machines, i and the. like, chips, dirt and dust lodgeonthe Ways, and by mixing with the lubricant of the ways form an abrasivecompound which causes very serious wear on fthe working or contactingsurfaces of the ways and sliding members, requiring. that the contactsurfaces. particularly of the ways be planed off from time to tlme, orotherwise remachined to remove the effects of the wear. ;This is notonly expensive and reduces the life of the machine, but it results in aneconomic loss due to the fact that the machine is of necessity out ofcommission'while-thu", being repaired. Furthermore, a remachining of-thesurfaces requires a realignment of the sliding bodies with rethediflicultie'sof restoring the machine to a proper working conditionafter it has been adversely affected by wear for the reasons stated, areso greatthat it is often necessary that the machines be shipped to thefactories where they were originally constructed, and this ofnecessitydeprives the owners of their ure' f or. a considerable periodof time, as well as entailinga great deal of ex- The principal object ofthe invention is to provide pra'cticalmeans for guarding and protectingthe workin surfaces of the ways of a'machine tool, w erein one or 'mgg eof the ways are-common to two or more slidtools of this kind and toadequately protect the workingrsurface's of the ways from the bvwrenches or heavy work pieces being 5 placed upon, or accidentallydropped on the ..ways, as they are at times, if left unprotected. Theabove objects are maintained by the present invention, which may be herebriefly,

UNITED 'srATEs EDWARD P. BUBRELL, OF SHAKER HEIGHTS, AND JOHN J'. VANHAMERSVELD, OF

CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE WARNER AND SWASEY COM- PANY,OE CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

' lation to the work holding spindle. In fact,

jng members, so as to extend the life of chips. dirt and dust, and frombeing injured PATENT j OFFICE.

WAY GUARD ron uacnmn TOOLS.

summarized as consisting in certain novel details "of construction, andcombinations and arrangements of parts which will be described in thespecification and set forth in theappended claims.

Our invention may be applied advantageously to many kinds of machinetools Original Io.1,575,735, dated larch 9, 1926, Serial No. 701,909,flled larch 26,1924. Application 'tor reissue filed November 11, 1926.Serial No, 147,838. i

In the accompanying sheets of drawings, 4

Fig. 1 is a side view of a turret lathe constructed in accordance with,or embodying our invention; Fig. 2 is a transverse sectlonal view of thesame substantially along the hne 22'looking in the direction indicatedby the arrows; Fig. 3 is a plan View omitting the head and showing thecross slide carriage and the turret saddle with the various operatingparts omitted: Fig. 4 is a sectional view slightly enlarged, the sectionbeing taken substantially along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, looking in thedirection indicated by the arrows; Fig. 5 is a transverse sec tionalview on an enlarged scale, showing "particularlythe ways and way guardsand to Fig. 6 and taken at the rear end of the slight modification: Fig.12 is a plan view corresponding to Fig. 3, showing our invention appliedto a lathe wherein two ways only are provided for the cross slidecarriage turret saddle. showing the same modificationzFigs. 1O and-11are views correspo nding toFigs. 8 and 9. showing a further is a similarsectional View taken substantial- 1y along the line 14-44. of Fig. 12,looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Referring now to'the drawings, and first to Sheets-1, 2 and 3 thereof,10 represents the lathe bed, 11 the head having a spindle carrying, inthis instance,- a chuck 12. Additionally 13 represents a turret saddlecarrying a turret 14, and 15 represents a cross slide carriage carryinga cross slide 16. All the parts mentioned may be of the usual, or anyconstruction, as the details of these parts including the mechanisms ordevices for operating or shifting them form no part ofthe presentinvention, and these parts may be constructed as illustrated, orotherwise, if desired. Therefore, it is not regarded as necessary tode:cribe in detail the operating parts illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. IFor supporting the turret saddle and cross slide carriage, the bed maybe provided with three ways, 17, 18 and 19 as inthe constructionillustrated in Sheets 1 to 4. The turret saddle in this instance travelsover the ways 17 and 18, which are parallel to each other and arrangedat the top of the bed, the way 17 being a rear way and the way 18 beinga front or forward way, and the cross slide carriage is supported ontheupper front way 18 and the lower front way 19. Therefore withthisconstruction the upper front 7 way 18 is common to both the turretsaddle and cross slide carriage, and it'is particularly in the guardingof this common way 18 that the invention resides.

A suitable guard for the rear way 17 presents no serious problem sincethis way is traversed by one slide only, hence we are enabled toadequately guard this way by attaching to the front of the turret saddlea forwardly projecting way guard .20 and to the rear end of the turretsaddle a rear wardly projecting way guard 20 of the desired lengths.These guards consist simply of inverted U or V shaped members which fitover the working surfaces of the way 17 and. have suitable supportingand sliding contact therewith. To enable the turret saddle to bebroughtv up close to the head, if desired, the latter is provided with ac earance opening 22 (see Fig. 2) for the forwardly projecting way guard20.

For the purpose of guarding the front I way 18, which as previouslystated, is common to, or is traversed both by the turret saddle andcross slide carriage, in accordance with the present invention there ispro vided what mi ht be termed a composite guard composed of telescopicor relatively slidable members, part in supporting relathe guard for theway 18, both forwardly of and rearwardly of the turret saddleconsists'of three members including a top guard member and two lowerguard members, the former being attached to the turret saddle, and thelatter to the cross slide carriage. In the construction illustrated, theupper guard member 23 is attached to the front end of the turret saddleso as to project forwardly from the turret saddle over the way 18through and beyond the cross'slide carriage, and to the rear end of theturret saddle there is attached a similar upper guard member 23, thisprojecting rearwardly'of the turret saddle over the way 18. Tothe frontside of the cross slide carriage, and in this instance, to a lateralextension 15, thereof, there are attached two lower guard members 24 and25 which project 'forwardlyfrom the cross slide carriage over or alongthe way 18 beneath the upper guard member 23 attaehedtothe turretsaddle. In a similar fashion there is attached to the rear side of thecross slide carriage, similar lower guard members 24 and 25, thesemembers projecting through the turret saddle 13 over or along the Way 18beneath the upper guard members, 23 and 23 attached to the turretsaddle, as explained. All the before mentioned guard members 20, 20, 23,

23*, 24, 24, 25 and 25 may be attached in any suitable fashion to theturret saddle or cross slide. carriage, as by means of screws 26 passingthrough ears or angularly bent ends of the guard members, as clearlyillustrated in the drawings.

As herein illustrated, the upper guard members 23 and 23 extend over andguard the top portion of the way 18, and'in this case these guardmembers are substantially in the form of an inverted U or V, but thisparticular shape is unnecessary, and these guard members may beotherwise shaped, as will be explained.

The forwardly pro ecting upper guard member 23 attached to the turretsaddle passes through a cored opening 27 (see Figs. 4 and 5) in theupper portion of the cross slide carriage. This opening providesclearance between this upper guard member and the cross slide carriage,and has a shape corresponding to the shape of the guard mem-' her. Thisguard member 23 and the opening 27 in the cross slide carriage are, asclearly illustrated in Fig. 5, above the way 18, so that beneath thisopening the material or body of this cross slide carriage is leftunbroken to form the supporting portion of the cross slide carriagedesigned to rest upon the way, precisely the same as if the opening 27were not provided.

The two guard members 24 and and 24" and 25? are on opposite sides ofthe top portion of the way 18 and they bridge or close the space'between the upper uard members 23 and 23 and the way. v ikewise,additionally, the guard members 23 and 23 at or near their longitudinaledges 'rest upon and have sliding contact with the top edges of theguard members 24 and 25 e and 24 and 25. so that the upper guard members23 and 23 are thus adequately.

supported. The guard'members 24 and 25 and 24 and 25 are uprightmembers, or have upright portions which in the preferred embodiment areparallel to-eachother, and

it is on the top edges of these upright portions that the upper guardmembers rest, the latter, preferably overhanging the upright rtions ofthe lower guard ;members, as

illustrated, to betterexclude dirt, dust, and

particularly to prevent the cutting compound getting inside theguardm'embers, and therefore on the working surfaces of the way and themembers which slide thereon.

While these uprightt portions of the lower guard members are in thepreferred form of the invention parallel to each other, as

i above stated, one or both of the lower guard wardly from the turretsaddle. Additionally, however, these slots which have a width so thatthe guard members will have a close working fit therein, act as guidesto hold the guard members the ri ht distance apart.

Thus the cross slide carriage and turret saddle may be brought closetoeach other without any possible interference by 'reason of theardmembers which they carry.

Additionally, clearance is provided between t -heforwardly. projectingguard members 23, 2-1 and 25 and the head 11,-and this may beaccomplished as in this instance by so shaping the head that the guardmembers may pass :trecly alongside'of it, or if in any machmethis is notpossibleor desirable, they may, to provide the necessary clearance, ex-

tend through or into an opening of the head such as the opening 22provided for the guard over the rear way 17. c

It will be noted, particularly by reference to Fig. 4, that the coredopen1ng27 extends through the upper portion of the'c'ros's slidecarriage, and not through the extension 15". Likewise, it will beobserved that the upper guard member 23 after passing through the coredopening 27 rests upon, and therefore, has supporting engagement with thetop of this cross slide extension 15 ments the supporting action of thelower uard memb ers of the cross slide carriage ut without this supporton the extension of the cross'slide, the upper guard members are Thissupplewell supported and by reason of the supporting action of the lowerguard members they are able to withstand shocks incident .to blowsaccidentally delivered to the upper guard members in the use of themachine.

In the construction already described, t upper guard members 23 and 23rest on the top edges of the" lower guard members at tached to the'crossslide carriage, but in some instances it may be desirable to supplementthis sliding contact by a more positive connection, as by forming onepart in the form of a tongue and the other in the form of a groove orslot to receive the tongue. This modification in different forms isillustrated in Figs. 8 to 11. In Figs. 8 and 9 the upper guard member,designated 23, is doubled inwardly upon itself, as illustrated at 23form-' ing inwardly and upwardly facing grooves or slots, and the twolower guard members attached to the cross slide carriage, and heredesignated 24 and 25", have their edge portions bent laterally anddownwardly, and these extend into said grooves or slots of theupperguard member, and have sliding en- 4 gagement therein. With thisconstruction a closer union is provided between the upper and lowerguard members, and dust or the like is more efiectively excluded,particularly as it prevents the separation or gap ing have shown aconstructionw erein the upiper v at, 125

guard members, here designated 23, are the edges being interlocked withthe lower of the parts'forany cause, as by ablow rom I guard members,here designated 24 and 25, in the manner illustrated in Figs. 10 and'11.

We prefer that the clearance o ening in the cross slide carriagepreviously esignated 27 to accommodate the forwardly projecting upperguard member of the turret slide be formed so as to leave -a continuousor unbroken section of metal beneath the opening to enga e theway, butthis is not essential, and in Fig. 10 .we have shown a modification inthe form of this opening, the opening being here designated 27 Theopening herein illustrated may be in the form of a milled slot, thebottom wall of which is not continuous. In such case the top of the waymay theslots provided inthe turret saddle corre-v spond precisely to theshape,- of the lower guard members which extend throughthe turretsaddle, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 9 an'd11 where the slots,designated 28, have lower parallel portions to accommodate the lowerparallel portions of the lower; guard members, and have suitableenlargements which can be drilled or otherwise. formed toaccommodate thelaterally or laterally and,downwardly bent upper portions of the lowerguard members.

Thus it will be seen that a way guard is provided for a way, over whichtwo slides or members are adapted to travel, and that this way is aseffectively protected as is the I way over which only a. single memberis adapted to travel, and it will be seen that iii this is accpmplishedin this instance by the provision of guard members which are attached toboth of the slides or traveling members, these guard members beingtelescopically arranged, and the guard member or members carried by eachslide having clearance with the companion slide, and further that saidguard members have supportb ing relation with respect to one another,and

together form a.housing which completely covers the workingsurfaces ofthe way, regardless of the positions of the sliding bodies on the wayswith respect to one another and with respect to the head.

" The lathe or machine tool described above,

is provided with only one way common to both sliding members, but ourinvention is equally applicable to machineswherein the two or moresliding members are supported on two ways, instead of three; that is tosay, wherein two ways are common to a plurality of sliding members,generally two in number, and in Figs. 12, 13 and 14 we have illustratedsomewhat conventionally a turret lathe wherein the turretsaddle, heredesignated 13", and the cross slide carriage riage are supported in thisfashion, our improved way guards are applied to both ways, as it isapplied to the single common way 18 of the construction first described.In thus applying our invention to both ways, any of the modificationspreviously described may be employed, but in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, forconvenience, the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to Bisutilized;

,that is to say,there is attached to the front end of the turret saddle,upper guard members 23 which project forwardly tlirough the cross slidecarriage 15 over both ways 17 and 18, and there isattached to the rearend of the turret saddle, upper guard members 23 which projectrearwardly over both ways 17 and 18. Similarly, there are attached tothe front side of the cross slide carriage two pairs of lower guardmembers 24 and 25, which project forwardly along the two ways 17 and 18in supporting relation to the two upper guard members 23, and in similarfashion there are attached to the rear side of the cross slide carriage,two' pairs of lower guard members 24 and 25 which extend through theclearances in the turret saddle beneath the upper guard mem hers 23 and23, as illustrated in the drawlngs.

As the inner sides of the two ways 17 and 18 are in this instancesomewhat differently formed than the way .16, the long inner slant beingdispensednwith the inner lower guard members may-be shaped preciselylike the outer lower guard members,

and they mav be given a bearing on shoulders 17" and 18 provided alongthe inner sides of the ways 17 and 18, as illustrated in Figs. 13 and14, thus providing additional supports for. these particular guardmemers.

It will be seen from the above that our invention is equally applicableto. machines having either .one or a. plurality of ways common to two ormore sliding members.

We 'do not desire to be confined to the precise details or arrangementsshown, nor to the type of machine tool shown and de scribed, but aim inour claims to cover all modifications which do not invo'lve'a departurefrom the spirit and scope of our inventionas defined'in the appendedclaims.

Having describedour invention, we claim:

1. A machine tool having a bed with ways 'for a plurality of slidablemembers, one or more of said ways being common to said sliding members,and guard members extending over the common way or ways and protectingthe working surfaces thereof ltlfi without interfering with-themovements of the sliding members, said guard members being Inoverlapping relation and one attached to one sliding member and anothercommon to-said members, and. rigid guard members enclosing said commonway or ways so as to protect the working surfaces thereof withoutinterfering with the relative move-. ments of the sliding members, saidguard members being composed of relativel sliding parts carried by saidsliding mem rs.

ber.

1 3. A machine tool having a plurality of ways and a plurality ofsliding members movable-along the same, one or more of said ways beingcommon to said members, and

guard members attached to said sliding membersand extending between themin overlapping relationship and serving to protect'the working surfacesof said common way or ways without interferingwith the relativemovements of the sliding members.

4. machine tool having-a plurality of sliding members,=a way over whichsaid sliding members are adapted to travel, and a guard for said waycomposed of guard membersattached to said sliding members and protectingthe working surfaces of said way without interfering with the relativemove ments of the sliding members, each sliding member having aclearance for the guard member carried by the other sliding mem- 5,A.machine tool having a way and two sliding members adapted to travelthereover, and a-guard for such way composed of relatively slidableparts and protecting the working surfaces. of the way withoutinterfering with the relative movements of the sliding members.

6. A machine tool having a way and two sliding members adapted to travelthereover,

and a guard for such way composed of overlapping guard members attachedto said sliding members.

7. In a machine tool, a way and two sliding. members ada ted to travelthereover, and a guard for sa1d way composed of guard members attachedto both sliding members and protecting the working surfaces of said waywithout interfering with the relative movements of the sliding members,each of the latter having an opening adapted to accommodate a guardmember of the other sliding member.

8. In a machine tool, a way and two sliding members adapted to'travelthereover, land a guard for said way composed of a lurality ofrelatively movable guard mem ers attached to the sliding members, one insupporting'relation to another.

i 9. In a machine tool, a way andtwdsliding members adapted to travelthereover, and a guardfor said way-composed of upper an lower guardmembers, one attached to onesliding member and another attached 7 toanother sliding member.

-10. In a machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, a plurality ofways therefor, one or more of said ways being common to said slidingmembers, and a guard for said I common way or ways composed of aplurality of relatively slidable guard membersincluding upper and lowerguard members. 11. Ina machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, aplurality of ways therefor,

at least one common to said sliding members, and a guard for sa1d commonway or ways,

said guard. being composed .of a plurality of relatively slidableguardmembers including an upper guard member and two lower guard members, theupper guard member being attached to one sliding member, and the lowerguard members being attached to another sliding member. p

12. In a machine tool, a plurality of slid ing members and ways thereforincluding one or more which are common to said sliding members, a guardfor sa1d common-way or ways including a guard member attached to onesliding member and having a clearance in an adjacent sliding member, andco-oper f ating guard members attached to the said adjacent slidingmember and having clearance in the first named sliding member.

13. In a machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, a way over whichsaid memhers are adapted to travel, and a guard for said way including amember attached to one of said sliding members and having a support onanother of said sliding members.

14. Ina machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, a way over whichsaid members are adapted to travel, and a guard for .said way composedof relatively slidable members including a guard member attached to oneof said sliding members and having a support on said way.

15. In a machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, a way over whichsaid membersare adapted'to travel, and a guard for protecting theworking surfaces of said way, composed of a plurality of relatively movable guard members, one of said guard members being attached to one ofthe. sliding members and having a support on another sliding member.

16. A machine tool having a plurality of sliding members, a way overwhich said members areadapted to travel toward and from each other, anda guard for said way composed of relatively movable guard membersattached to said sliding members, part arranged above-and overhangingother guard member's. 17. In a machine tool a bed having a way,

a phirality of slidable members movable on said way, and a way guardmember attached to one slidable memberand extending freely throughanother slidable member.

18. In a machine tool, a bed having a way, a pair of slidablemembersmovable on said way, and a way guard member attached to one slidablemember and extending through the other, said last mentioned slidablemember having a hole' therethrough for the way guard member and havingbeneath said hole an unbroken way engaging portion.

19. In a machine tool, a bed having a way, a pair of sli-dable membersmovable on said way, and a way guard member attached to one slidablemember and extending through and having a support on the other slidablemember.

20. In amachine tool, a bed having a way,

a member slidable. on said way, and a way guard member overlying saidwayand extending through the-slidable member and having a support on aportion of the slidablu member lying beneath the way guard member.

a support on one of said slidable members.

22. In a machine tool, a bed having a way, a pair of slidable membersmovable on said way relative to each other, and a way guard memberoverlying the way and at all times bridging the space between saidslidable members and extending through one of said members andbeyond'the same.

In testimony whereof, we hereunto affix our signatures.

EDWARD P. BURRELL. JOHN J. N. VANHAMERSVELD.

